What the welding codes and sanitary standards require, and how buyers specify them: AWS D17.1, ASME Section IX, 3-A and FDA.
FDA rules say food-contact seams must be smoothly bonded. 3-A Sanitary Standards add the details, including a 32 µin Ra finish. Here is how welds create bacteria traps, how sanitary welds are made, and what to ask a supplier.
AWS D17.1 sorts aerospace welds into Class A, B, and C by what happens if they fail. Here is how the classes differ, what visual inspection must cover, how defect limits tighten, and what to put on your purchase order.
ASME Section IX qualifies the procedure and the welder, not the vessel. Here is how a TIG WPS moves from draft to PQR to WPQ, and which tests each production weld must pass.
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